Aquatic Plants: An Emerging Sustainable Protein Source for Fishes

Abstract

Aquaculture is an essential protein source, but the rising demand necessitates sustainable alternatives to costly fish meal in feeds. Plant-based proteins emerge as viable substitutes, reducing production costs and environmental impacts. Aquatic plants offer promising protein sources due to their abundance, low cost and nutritional value. This article reviews various aquatic macrophytes like water hyacinth, water fern, water lettuce, duckweed, water spinach and water lily as potential protein sources for fish feeds. Their proximate compositions and suitability for fish diets are discussed. Notably, fermentation enhances protein content, reduces anti-nutritional factors and improves digestibility, enhancing their efficacy in aquafeeds. Utilizing aquatic plants as protein sources holds promise for sustainable aquaculture development, contributing to global food security. Further research into their nutritional profiles and digestibility is crucial for maximizing their potential in fish nutrition.